What Are the Worst Side Effects of Immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy has become a powerful tool in cancer treatment, working by harnessing your body's own immune system to fight cancer. However, like any treatment, it can come with side effects, and being aware of these can help you manage them more effectively.

Here's what to keep in mind if you're considering or undergoing immunotherapy.

• Fatigue: Feeling more tired than usual is common. Incorporating rest, gentle movement like yoga or walking, and proper hydration can help restore energy levels.
• Skin Reactions: Rashes, redness, or itching, especially around the injection site, can occur. Natural remedies like aloe vera or calendula cream may help soothe irritation, while acupuncture has been found to alleviate skin discomfort.
• Digestive Issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or stomach pain may appear. A diet rich in gentle, anti-inflammatory foods like ginger tea or bland foods like rice and bananas can ease gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Flu-like Symptoms: You might experience fever, chills, muscle aches, or general weakness. Try holistic approaches like herbal teas (e.g., elderberry or echinacea), staying hydrated, and using heating pads for muscle soreness.

Immunotherapy can sometimes cause your immune system to overreact, leading to immune-related adverse effects (IRAEs) where your body attacks healthy tissues.

Here are some of the more severe side effects:

• Lung Inflammation (Pneumonitis): Watch for cough, chest pain, or shortness of breath. Breathing exercises, meditation, and acupuncture may help you manage lung symptoms, though immediate medical attention is essential if these signs worsen.
• Endocrine Disorders: Immunotherapy may affect hormone balance, potentially causing conditions like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Symptoms may include unexplained weight changes, mood swings, or ongoing fatigue. To support your endocrine health, consider adaptogenic herbs like ashwagandha and Rhodiola, which can help balance stress hormones.
• Colitis: Inflammation in the bowel can cause severe diarrhea and abdominal pain. In addition to medical treatment, try incorporating a gut-friendly diet with probiotic-rich foods (e.g., kefir, sauerkraut) to help restore balance.
• Liver Inflammation (Hepatitis): Symptoms include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, or unexplained fatigue. Milk thistle is a well-known liver-supporting herb that can help, but always consult with your healthcare provider before taking any new supplements.

In rare cases, immunotherapy may affect the nervous or cardiovascular systems. Stay vigilant for the following:

• Neurological Issues: Symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, or limb weakness can occur. Practices like mindfulness, breathwork, or gentle movement can help you stay centered and aware of changes in your nervous system.
• Cardiovascular Problems: These include arrhythmias or inflammation around the heart. Heart health can be supported through lifestyle measures like stress reduction, maintaining a nutrient-dense diet, and incorporating heart-healthy herbs such as hawthorn berry.
• Severe Allergic Reactions: In rare cases, you may develop swelling, difficulty breathing, or other allergic responses. This requires immediate medical attention, but you can support your immune system in non-emergency cases through natural antihistamines like quercetin (found in foods like apples and onions).

Monitoring and Managing Side Effects Holistically

If you are undergoing immunotherapy, it's important to stay closely connected with your healthcare team. Regular communication about any new or worsening symptoms is essential. However, you can also take an active role in supporting your body’s response to treatment by exploring complementary therapies with an integrative oncology specialist.

Immunotherapy, while effective, can be tough on the body. But with a comprehensive approach that includes both medical treatment and holistic practices, you can better navigate the side effects and improve your overall quality of life.